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Researchers discover an 'all-body brain' in sea urchins

The sea urchin’s nervous system has hundreds of neuron types and light-sensitive cells, showing brain-like complexity without a centralized brain, researchers said.

Summary by Phys.org
An international team of researchers, including scientists from the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, has uncovered a surprisingly complex nervous system in sea urchins. The animals appear to possess an "all-body brain" whose genetic organization resembles that of the vertebrate brain. The team also identified light-sensitive cells distributed across the entire body—comparable to structures found in the human retina.

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Phys.org broke the news in United Kingdom on Wednesday, November 5, 2025.
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