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India's Population to Peak at 1.7 Billion as Fertility Drops Below Replacement Rate: UN

  • A recent United Nations report reveals that by 2025, the average number of children born to each woman in India has fallen to 1.9, which is below the threshold needed to sustain the population size without considering migration.
  • This decline follows decades of social and health improvements including greater education, increased access to reproductive healthcare, and women's empowerment since the 1960s.
  • India's current population is about 1.46 billion and is projected to reach 1.7 billion before starting to decline roughly 40 years from now, reflecting a major demographic transition.
  • The country has 68% working-age population and life expectancy is projected at 71 years for men by 2025, offering a potential demographic dividend if adequate employment and policies support it.
  • Despite progress, significant inequalities and lack of full reproductive autonomy persist, highlighting that real demographic gains depend on people's freedom to make informed fertility choices.
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The Hindu broke the news in India on Tuesday, June 10, 2025.
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