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Research Reveals Water in Pompeii’s Roman Baths Was Contaminated

Research shows Pompeii’s Republican Baths had water contaminated daily with human waste and heavy metals, limiting hygiene despite water changes, according to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

  • On Monday, researchers analysing carbonate deposits found Pompeii's Republican Baths contained indicators consistent with human waste, according to research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and reported by Talker.
  • Before the aqueduct, the Republican Baths relied on groundwater from deep wells lifted by slaves operating treadwheel devices, limiting water volume and preventing full contaminant removal.
  • Analysis detected lead, copper and zinc from volcanic deposits and evidence of bathers' perspiration, urine and other organic waste in mineral build-up.
  • Researchers are now revising hygiene assumptions as findings undercut the Republican Baths' sanitary image and align with contemporary accounts describing the facilities as `unpleasantly stinky`; additional DNA tests on preserved carbonate layers aim to clarify contamination sources.
  • The aqueduct's arrival in the first century AD improved bath water quality by increasing supply and circulation, while later natural springs provided lower-metal water and Mount Vesuvius preserved mineral layers enabling modern study.
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The Laconia Daily SunThe Laconia Daily Sun
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Research reveals water in Pompeii’s Roman baths was contaminated

Scientists determined the origin of the bathing water and draw conclusions about Pompeii's water management system and quality.

According to research by German researchers, although there was a bath in Pompeii as early as 130 BC, its water was difficult to replace.

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Indian Express broke the news in India on Monday, January 19, 2026.
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