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Liberal Supreme Court justices decry nitrogen hypoxia executions: ‘Excruciating suffocation’

Boyd was executed by nitrogen hypoxia after the Supreme Court rejected his firing squad request; seven people have died using this method in Alabama and Louisiana, officials said.

  • On Thursday, Anthony Todd Boyd was executed in Alabama by nitrogen hypoxia after the U.S. Supreme Court declined to pause his execution and denied his firing-squad request, Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall said.
  • After drug supplies dried up, states authorized nitrogen hypoxia as five states have approved it, with Alabama and Louisiana using it while the Supreme Court allowed Alabama's first use last year.
  • In a dissent joined by Justices Kagan and Jackson, Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote nitrogen hypoxia causes `psychological terror` and `excruciating suffocation`, lasting two to seven minutes of consciousness.
  • Alabama's attorney general defended the method as `constitutional and effective`, with the two states having used nitrogen hypoxia to execute seven people before this case.
  • Capital cases often reach the Court days—or sometimes hours—before execution; Anthony Todd Boyd pleaded innocence and begged Kay Ivey, Governor of Alabama, to intervene.
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USA Today broke the news in United States on Thursday, October 23, 2025.
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