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Japan passes legislation banning violation of national flag

The measure sets penalties of up to two years in prison or a 200,000 yen fine and draws criticism over free-speech limits.

  • Japan's Upper House passed legislation Friday criminalizing national flag desecration, with Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi advancing her conservative agenda as violators face up to two years in prison or a fine of up to 200,000 yen .
  • Japan already criminalized damaging foreign flags at diplomatic sites to prevent international disputes, creating a legal asymmetry the government sought to close; the national flag itself has faced historical controversy due to its wartime use and mixed public sentiment.
  • During an Upper House Cabinet Committee hearing on Tuesday, two constitutional law scholars called the measure unconstitutional, while 148 legal experts last week warned the vaguely worded law could "curb freedom of political expression," with Chuo University constitutional law professor Motohiro Hashimoto cautioning it risks punishing government critics.
  • Constitutional Democratic Party lawmaker Ayaka Shiomura said flag destruction represents "political expression used to resist state power," but the Democratic Party for the People and Sanseito voted for passage alongside the ruling coalition, cementing Takaichi's legislative win.
  • Lawmakers faced confusion over what actions qualify for punishment, with miniature flags and artistic images excluded but other scenarios undefined; opponents argue the ambiguous language intimidates protest and artistic use of the flag, whereas the U.S. and Europe maintain clearer flag vandalism standards with stronger free speech protections.
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熊本日日新聞社 broke the news on Thursday, July 16, 2026.
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