Nobel Prize in Medicine Goes to 3 Scientists for Work on Human Immune System
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine honors three scientists for key discoveries about regulatory T cells and the Foxp3 gene, advancing understanding of immune system regulation.
- On October 6, 2025, the Nobel Committee awarded Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi for discoveries on peripheral immune tolerance, announced at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
- Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi first identified regulatory T cells in 1995, and in 2001 Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell linked a Foxp3 gene mutation to a rare autoimmune disease.
- Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi said at a news conference, `It was a nice surprise,` and Mary E. Brunkow learned early this morning from an AP photographer after missing a call she thought was spam.
- The Nobel Committee noted the three laureates will share 11 million Swedish kronor, and Olle Kämpe said their discoveries are decisive for understanding autoimmune diseases and treatment hopes.
- The mechanism positions the work as foundational by showing the Foxp3 gene controls development of regulatory T cells that curb overreactive T cells, opening a new field for autoimmune diseases, the Karolinska Institute said.
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The NRC science editors update you on the Nobel Prize for Medicine, which this year goes to fundamental research on the immune system. Niki Korteweg and Sander Voormolen discuss this discovery and its impact on clinical practice.
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