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Nankai Trough earthquake could kill 298,000 people, government says

  • A government panel reported in January and AFP quoted the new government estimate on Monday that up to 298,000 people could die if a magnitude 9 megaquake occurs along the Nankai Trough, an 800-kilometer undersea trench south of Japan's Pacific coast.
  • The Nankai Trough, where the Philippine Sea plate subducts under the continental plate Japan sits on, experiences megaquakes every 100 to 200 years as the plates become stuck, store energy, and then break free, causing widespread destruction and potentially triggering tsunamis.
  • The revised estimate, lower than the 2014 estimate of 323,000 deaths, reflects increases in quake-resilient buildings and tsunami evacuation facilities, though it still falls short of government targets to reduce deaths by 80% and damaged buildings by 50%.
  • The government panel also reported a slight increase in the probability of a megaquake within the next 30 years, estimating it at 75-82%.
  • The government will review its 2014 Basic Plan for disaster prevention by this summer and develop a new national resilience plan for fiscal 2026 to 2030, aiming to accelerate infrastructure development and establish a new agency for disaster prevention in fiscal 2026.
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Nikkei broke the news in Japan on Monday, March 31, 2025.
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