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xAI Gets an Air Permit to Power Its Supercomputer, but Pollution Fears Remain

SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE, JUL 3 – The permit allows operation of 15 gas turbines with strict emission limits despite protests and legal challenges citing health risks in a majority-Black Memphis neighborhood.

  • Elon Musk's AI startup xAI secured a permit this week from the Shelby County Health Department to operate 15 gas turbines at its Memphis data center.
  • The permit follows months of protests and legal threats citing Clean Air Act violations for operating dozens of turbines without prior approval.
  • The permit limits xAI to 22 startups and shutdowns per year, total 110 hours annually, requires emissions monitoring, and controls pollution from the 15 turbines producing up to 247 megawatts.
  • Despite xAI's claim of using state-of-the-art emissions controls and having the lowest emitting facility of its kind, environmental groups continue monitoring and express concerns over pollution transparency and health risks to Memphis residents.
  • XAI plans another data center in Memphis but has not disclosed its power source, and ongoing scrutiny suggests continued tensions between economic development and environmental oversight.
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Nashville PRIDE, Inc. broke the news in on Wednesday, July 2, 2025.
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