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Majority of responses to consultation on smoking Bill ‘generated by AI bots’

Researchers said 90,835 of 118,756 submissions were machine-generated, and valid responses largely backed the vape restrictions after the fake entries were removed.

  • University of Edinburgh researchers found that AI bots generated 76% of responses to a UK government consultation, with 90,000 of 118,756 submissions being machine-generated.
  • The consultation, held in October 2023, concerned the Tobacco and Vapes Act aiming to create a "smoke-free generation," where automated entries targeted questions to mimic opposition to disposable vape bans.
  • Department of Health and Social Care officials identified and removed fraudulent submissions using bot-detection methods; once machine-generated entries were excluded, 79.6% of valid responses supported disposable vape restrictions.
  • Researchers described this as the "first documented instance" of large-scale automated interference in public health consultations, though the DHSC said their controls "worked effectively" to prevent manipulation.
  • Experts cautioned that bolstering detection capacity "will be essential" as bot sophistication increases, warning that consultations run by bodies with limited technical resources remain particularly vulnerable.
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Phys.org broke the news in Douglas, United Kingdom on Tuesday, October 27, 2026.
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