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James Webb telescope spots giant auroras rolling through Uranus' atmosphere

JWST's first 3D map of Uranus’s ionosphere reveals cooling over decades and two bright auroral bands shaped by its uniquely tilted magnetic field, researchers found.

  • Published Feb. 19 in Geophysical Research Letters, Webb used NIRSpec on January 19, 2025, to produce the first 3D map of Uranus's upper atmosphere, study lead Tiranti said.
  • To study energy flow, researchers measured ion temperature and density up to 5,000 km above cloud tops to understand the energy balance of ice giants, Tiranti explained.
  • Researchers detected two bright auroral bands near Uranus's magnetic poles with a depletion between them linked to magnetic field transitions and a magnetic pole tilted 60 degrees.
  • The findings provide scientists with the most comprehensive view of Uranus's auroras and improve planetary magnetosphere models, aiding characterization of giant planets beyond our solar system and energy circulation in ice-giant atmospheres.
  • With Webb built to operate for more than 20 years, measured upper-atmosphere temperatures are lower than earlier readings, averaging about 426 kelvins .
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NASA (Source) broke the news in Washington, United States on Tuesday, February 24, 2026.
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