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James Webb Telescope Confirms a Supermassive Black Hole Running Away From Its Host Galaxy at 2 Million Mph, Researchers Say

A 10 million-solar-mass black hole was ejected by gravitational recoil from a merger and moves at 954 km/s, creating a galaxy-sized bow shock with a 200,000-light-year star-forming wake.

  • James Webb Space Telescope observations confirmed RBH-1 as the first runaway supermassive black hole, at least 10 million times the Sun’s mass, moving around 954 kilometers per second.
  • Researchers say the ejection likely resulted from a recoil kick after two supermassive black holes merged following their host galaxies' collision, with a three-body interaction as an alternative.
  • Using JWST's NIRSpec, the team mapped velocity across the bow shock and detected a 600 kilometers per second jump, inferring the black hole's speed, van Dokkum said.
  • Pieter van Dokkum said the finding offers empirical validation that supermassive black holes can escape their host galaxies; the research team posted the study on arXiv and submitted it to The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
  • The runaway's wake already triggers star formation, leaving a 200,000 light-year trail with stars of about 100 million solar masses, and upcoming Roman Space Telescope and Euclid will enable wider searches.
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Black holes are among the most powerful objects in the universe. One was hurled out of its galaxy.

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Space broke the news in United States on Wednesday, December 17, 2025.
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