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JWST and Orbit Models Bolster Gas Giant Candidate in Alpha Centauri A's Habitable Zone

ALPHA CENTAURI STAR SYSTEM, AUG 8 – The candidate gas giant orbits within Alpha Centauri A's habitable zone but is unlikely to support life; follow-up JWST observations in 2025 failed to re-detect it, consistent with orbital simulations.

  • In 2025, a team led by Aniket Sanghi and Charles Beichman identified a potential gas giant with a mass similar to Saturn, located in orbit around Alpha Centauri A.
  • They based the discovery on challenging observations by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope using the MIRI instrument, with findings presented in two companion papers.
  • The candidate planet is located within the region around Alpha Centauri A—the nearest sunlike star system to Earth at approximately 4.3 light-years—where conditions could allow liquid water, making it the closest planet directly observed orbiting its host star.
  • Sanghi noted that if verified, the candidate planet identified in the Webb observations of Alpha Centauri A would represent a significant advancement in the field of exoplanet imaging, although subsequent JWST attempts in 2025 were unable to detect it, likely due to its orbit bringing it too close to the star.
  • Confirmation would challenge current models of planet formation around close binary stars, but as a gas giant its atmosphere likely cannot support life as we know it.
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Nature broke the news in United Kingdom on Thursday, August 7, 2025.
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