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Enzyme Technology Enables First Successful Blood Type Conversion in Kidney Transplant

The enzyme-converted kidney functioned without rejection for two days in a brain-dead recipient, marking progress toward reducing wait times for type-O patients who are over 50% of waitlists.

  • On Oct. 3, University of British Columbia scientists reported a kidney converted from type A to type O was transplanted into a brain-dead recipient with family consent using special enzymes.
  • Amid severe organ shortages, type-O transplant candidates make up over 50% of kidney waitlists and typically wait 2-4 years longer, while over 100,000 people await donor organs in the United States.
  • Researchers used two enzymes to perfuse a discarded type-A kidney for about two hours, converting it while the organ showed no hyperacute rejection for two days before mild markers reappeared on day 3.
  • Regulatory approval for clinical trials is the next hurdle, and Avivo Biomedical will lead development toward blood-type mismatched deceased-donor transplants.
  • The breakthrough follows the early 2010s research timeline and builds on a 2022 type-A lung conversion, with Dr. Stephen Withers saying, `This is the first time we've seen this play out in a human model.
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Change blood type, tested on a kidney (ANSA)

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Nature broke the news in United Kingdom on Friday, October 3, 2025.
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