US EditionA Dutch Spy in Mecca: Colonial Surveillance in the Heart of Islam - Republic Policy
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A Dutch Spy in Mecca: Colonial Surveillance in the Heart of Islam - Republic Policy
On August 28, 1884, a 27-year-old Dutchman stepped ashore on the coast of Jeddah with a mission that went far beyond mere exploration. His task was covert and strategic: to infiltrate the holy city of Mecca and gather intelligence for the Dutch colonial government, particularly concerning Muslim pilgrims from the Aceh region of present-day Indonesia. At the time, the Dutch colonial empire spanned several regions across the globe, with Indonesia …
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