By July 1969, the Soviet Union understood that it had effectively lost the race to land humans on the moon.
Their massive N1 Moon rocket had suffered repeated catastrophic failures, making a crewed lunar landing impossible in time to compete with Apollo 11.
Saturn 5 Rocket. Image from NASA Kennedy Space Center, taken on 6/28/2026. Taken by Harry J. Kazianis for 19FortyFive.com So, Soviet planners wanted to gain some acclaim–and enhance their own…