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The long shadow of the one-child policy: China pays for its biggest social experiment with a demographic crisis

Summary by El Pais
The one-child policy was perhaps the greatest social experiment in human history. With the goal of curbing population growth at all costs, for just over 35 years China only allowed families to have one child. Communist leaders outlined the measures with a slogan in 1978: “One is better, two at most, leaving a three-year gap.” In 1980 it became state policy. By 1982, 96% of families in cities were having only one child, according to the Urban Hou…

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China, the country that for decades held the title of the world's most populous country, is currently facing an unprecedented demographic crisis that threatens its economic and social future. The threat is not external, but internal – a process of population contraction. According to UN projections, the number of residents could decrease from 1.4 billion today to just 633 million by the year 2100. The roots of the crisis lie in the "one-child" p…

The logic behind China's family planning policy was shaky from the start, as were the figures that legitimized it for decades. The 35-year one-child policy reveals a fatal systemic flaw in Chinese governance—for which the country is now paying the price.

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groene.nl broke the news in on Saturday, January 10, 2026.
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