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Study: European Ferries Emit More Sulphur Than All City Cars
Europe’s ferry fleet, averaging 26 years old, emits 13.4 million tonnes of CO2 annually; 60% could switch to electric power by 2035, cutting emissions and costs, T&E reports.
Transport & Environment's study analysed 1,043 ferries in 2023 and found they emitted 13.4 million tonnes CO2, with ferries in port cities producing more sulphur than all city cars, citing Barcelona, Dublin, and Naples.
With the average ferry age at 26 years, many vessels still burn Heavy Fuel Oil and Marine Diesel Oil , driving pollution in port communities near ferry routes.
Electrification modelling shows 60% electrification by 2035, 52% cheaper to operate than fossil-fuel vessels, and 57% of ports need chargers below 5MW.
Dublin currently ranks most polluted in 2025, but emission control areas in 2027 will shift hotspots to Las Palmas while Felix Klann urges a clean fleet renewal to improve public health.
Looking beyond batteries, analysts point to industry warnings that 'There is no green methanol today', Burke said, and the Global Maritime Forum highlights ammonia's toxicity and safety risks.