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How herbivore communities remained remarkably resilient for 60 million years despite extinction and upheaval

Summary by Phys.org
From mastodons to ancient rhinos and giant deer, large herbivores have been shaping Earth's landscapes for millions of years. A new study, published in Nature Communications, shows how these giants responded to dramatic environmental shifts—and how their ecosystems found ways to stay together, even as species disappeared.

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Two major environmental changes have led to global transformations in large communities of herbivores over the past 60 million years. Researchers have been able to demonstrate how these ecosystems remained remarkably resistant despite the extinction of some species, the appearance of others and variations in the environment.

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Researchers from several countries analyzed more than 3,000 fossils of extinct species that inhabited the planet over the past 60 million years to see how many of the great herbivores that modeled those landscapes were disappearing, but were replaced by others that fulfilled the same ecological roles, so that the system remained cohesive. A team of scientists verified the ability of past ecosystems to adapt to the most abrupt disturbances, such …

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Phys.org broke the news in United Kingdom on Thursday, June 5, 2025.
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