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Cold, Hungry and Thirsty, Napoleon's Troops Also Suffered From Several Diseases as They Retreated From Russia

DNA from 13 soldiers' teeth revealed paratyphoid and louse-borne relapsing fever in Napoleon's retreat, showing multiple infections worsened conditions, researchers said.

Summary by Smithsonian Mag
New research finds evidence of two previously undocumented infections that likely plagued the French emperor's Grande Armée during the retreat from Moscow

10 Articles

During the retreat from the Russian campaign of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte in 1812, thousands of soldiers died of cold, hunger and diseases. DNA analyses now reveal which pathogens at that time were found in Napoleon's "Grande Armée". According to this, the soldiers at that time could have suffered mainly from typhus and relapse fever, instead of as previously assumed from stain fever and trench fever. Together with hunger [...]

The suffering caused by the Napoleonian army during the invasion of Russia in 1812 now results in new scientific environments. A study published in the magazine Current Biology identified bacterial infections until then relative to the campaign, confirming that the French collapse was, above all, a health disaster in the middle of extreme cold and generalized hunger. Understand: Research identifies diseases that claimed Napoleon's army in the in…

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Reuters Paris. The Russian withdrawal of Napoleon Bonaparte and the French Grand Armée in 1812 was a cataclysm that marked the beginning of the end of their empire and of their personal dominion in Europe, as some 300,000 soldiers perished from a force that originally had half a million. A new DNA study extracted from the teeth of 13 French soldiers who were buried in a mass grave in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, along the withdrawal route,…

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The Straits Times broke the news in Singapore on Monday, October 27, 2025.
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