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Cold-water immersion may offer health benefits -- and also presents risks

Researchers say cold-water immersion triggers a strong bodily stress response and may improve mental health but carries cardiovascular and respiratory risks.

  • Earlier this year, researchers reported growing evidence that cold-water immersion offers health benefits, though Mike Tipton and Dr. Mark Harper say scientific confirmation remains limited.
  • The cold‑shock response includes rapid skin cooling and hormone release, producing stress that shapes these effects in humans described as 'tropical animals', Mike Tipton explained.
  • Tipton recommends a conservative water temperature of about 15–20C and limiting immersion to no more than two minutes, using lifeguarded areas or experienced swimmers for safety.
  • While risks exist, regular cold-water swimmers report mental-health benefits via social contact and exercise, though deaths from cold-water immersion and stress on cardiovascular and respiratory systems have been reported.
  • Several years ago researchers warned of dangers despite long histories of claimed benefits, noting historical claims about cold‑water benefits come with persistent risks; Dr. Mark Harper said some effects may involve a placebo effect and a brief shock response lasting a minute or two.
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Cold-water immersion may offer health benefits — and also presents risks

By STEPHEN WADE, Associated Press Dr. Mark Harper recalls his first cold-water swim in the south of England 20 years ago. It was August, but the initial jolt from the plunge took his breath away. The shock to his system lasted a minute or two until he was “recombobulated and able to think about something other than the cold,” Harper says. A surprise sensation soon replaced his discomfort. “I remember getting out of the water the first time and f…

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Cold-water immersion may offer health benefits -- and also presents risks

Claims about the benefits of cold-water immersion date back centuries. Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, wrote toward the end of his life about using a cold foot bath daily for 60 years.

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U.S. News broke the news in New York, United States on Monday, October 6, 2025.
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