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Brazil’s Senate approves Lula’s main bet to tackle criminal gangs
The amendment adds a public security ministry and new federal powers as Lula says intelligence and coordination will target criminal factions and militias.
On Tuesday, Brazil's Senate approved a constitutional amendment expanding federal authority over public security, creating a Public Security Ministry and directing 10% of oil-funded Social Fund surpluses to policing and prisons.
President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva secured approval before the 2027 legislative session, when the opposition will hold greater strength in the Senate, marking a significant political victory.
The Federal Police gained authority to investigate militias and criminal organizations across state borders, while municipalities may establish civilian patrol forces provided they meet training, funding, and coordination requirements.
Senators voted 38-36 to remove proposals lowering the age of criminal responsibility, avoiding procedural delays; attorney Gabriel Madeira Pontes questioned whether mass incarceration would reduce organized crime.
Integrating these federal powers with state-controlled security systems poses institutional challenges, as the 1988 Constitution previously assigned public security responsibilities almost exclusively to individual states.