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Debate Rages over Legality of Israel's Attack on Iran

ISRAEL AND IRAN, JUN 17 – Legal experts debate if Israel's pre-emptive strikes against Iran's nuclear sites meet strict international self-defence criteria amid rising regional tensions and global calls for restraint.

  • On June 13, 2025, Israel launched a major military operation targeting Iran's nuclear facilities and military leadership, prompting a UN Security Council emergency meeting.
  • The operation followed claims that Iran posed a nuclear threat, though ongoing diplomatic negotiations and international monitoring efforts were still in place at the time.
  • Legal experts widely agree that under international law, anticipatory self-defense requires an imminent threat and exhaustion of other options, conditions Israel's strike arguably did not meet.
  • China condemned Israel's actions as illegal violations undermining regional stability and urged an immediate ceasefire to prevent further losses and escalation.
  • The attack deepened regional tensions, sparked international debate over the limits of self-defense, and disrupted nuclear negotiations, with implications for future conflict resolution efforts.
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Lean Left

Declaring an attack war as self-defense and thus extending international law to unrecognizability has tradition. A few uncomfortable examples.

Lean Right

MAINTENANCE. Legal defense, defence anticipated or preemptive: the Iran-Israel conflict is also a war of words. Decryption with Celine de Roany, master of conferences in international law.

·Paris, France
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International humanitarian law sets out what is outlawed as war crimes. Nuclear facilities can also be legitimate military targets, says international lawyer Christoph Safferling – but only under certain conditions.

·Munich, Germany
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Tagesschau broke the news in Hamburg, Germany on Tuesday, June 17, 2025.
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