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This Early-Universe Cluster of Galaxies Is Way Hotter Than It Should Be

SPT2349-56 contains more than 30 galaxies within 500,000 light-years and a gas temperature five times hotter than predicted, challenging galaxy cluster formation models.

Summary by Smithsonian Mag
Gas within the cluster, which existed merely 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang, is at least five times hotter than computer simulations predict it should be, a study suggests

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A cluster of galaxies as hot as those of today's universe, but barely detected 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang: this thermal anomaly defies established models of cosmic structure formation. According to a study published on January 5, 2026 in Nature by an international team led by researchers from the University of British Columbia, Dalhousie University and the National Research Council of Canada, the object named SPT2349-56 has an intragro…

An extremely hot galaxy cluster in the early universe is forcing astronomers to reexamine established theories about the formation and evolution of the largest structures in space.More...

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Scientists have detected a cluster of galaxies 12 billion years old, making it the oldest one detected to date. Called SPT2349-56, this cluster has a very high temperature, which challenges many assumptions about the first stage of the universe. The cluster grouping 30 galaxies is compacted in an area of just 500,000 light years. This cluster would be a new proof that galaxies evolved faster than had been calculated.

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Smithsonian Mag broke the news in United States on Wednesday, January 7, 2026.
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