"The surplus is enormous"

Researchers from the IW Cologne have calculated eight times as much income as their studies cost the German state in the long term. An interview with the educational economist Axel Plünnecke about the importance of immigration in times of a shortage of skilled workers – and the roles of the universities involved. Picture: Annie Spratt / Unsplash. Mr Plünnecke, in a study for the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), you calculated that only t…