Single Gene Shift Prolonged Bubonic Plague Pandemics
- Researchers from McMaster University and Institut Pasteur published a May 29, 2024, study in Science about a genetic change in Yersinia pestis linked to historic plague pandemics.
- The study found that reductions in the pla gene copy number arose independently in strains from the Justinian plague, Black Death, and third pandemic, occurring well after the initial outbreaks of each pandemic.
- This genetic change decreased plague mortality by about 20% and lengthened infection duration by allowing infected rodents to live longer and thus spread the disease farther.
- Co-Author Hendrik Poinar said the reduction in pla may reflect changes in rodent and human population densities, affecting plague persistence and virulence over centuries.
- These findings suggest plague adapted its virulence to maximize spread in fragmented populations, providing insights into how pandemics modulate severity and persist or decline over time.
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Evolution of a single gene allowed the plague to adapt, survive and kill much of humanity over many centuries
Scientists have documented the way a single gene in the bacterium that causes bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis, allowed it to survive hundreds of years by adjusting its virulence and the length of time it took to kill its victims, but these forms of plague ultimately died out.
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