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My research on wheelchair basketball challenges one of the biggest assumptions about sex differences in sports

Functional impairment classification explains wheelchair basketball performance differences better than sex, with male and female elite players showing similar movement and intensity levels, study finds.

  • New research shows that in five international games in 2022, elite wheelchair basketball players' sex differences were minimal, based on wearable movement sensors from Australian national teams.
  • Because sex commonly functions as a shortcut in sport, sports organizations, coaches, and researchers often structure competition and training based on sex-based categories, starting early with girls and boys.
  • Using wearable sensors, researchers recorded movement metrics and adjusted all measures for playing time, while classification rules assign scores from 1.0 to 4.5, building lineups around functional ability rather than sex.
  • Sports organizations and coaches may need to measure performance by functional ability rather than sex, as relying chiefly on sex-based categories risks underselling some young athletes.
  • Given its integrated training patterns, wheelchair basketball complicates direct analogy with nondisabled sports as women often compete in men’s leagues.
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My research on wheelchair basketball challenges one of the biggest assumptions about sex differences in sports

Physiological differences between women and men in sports may be far less pronounced in wheelchair basketball players. Steph Chambers/Staff via Getty Images Sports Every March, millions of Americans fill out brackets and tune in to watch the NCAA college basketball tournaments known as March Madness. The men’s and women’s competitions unfold in parallel, each with their own brackets, champions, storylines and fan bases. The separation reflects o…

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The Conversation broke the news in on Tuesday, March 17, 2026.
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