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Japan’s struggling flagship H3 rocket returns to flight with the debut of a low-cost variant
The mission used a new 30 configuration with triple LE-9 engines and no boosters, and six small satellites were believed to separate successfully.
Japan's H3 rocket launched Friday from Tanegashima Space Center, successfully debuting the "30 configuration." variant with its second stage reaching targeted orbit, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency confirmed.
This flight follows two previous failures—a March 2023 engine ignition issue and a December navigation satellite launch failure—making success crucial for Japan's flagship rocket replacing the H-2A.
Equipped with triple liquid-fuel LE-9 engines and no boosters to reduce costs, the new "30 configuration." carried six small satellites developed by universities that JAXA reported successfully separated.
JAXA and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries aim to make the H3 more cost-effective to compete with Elon Musk's SpaceX, as Japan views this stable transport capability as essential for national security.
Developers hope to eventually launch the H3 six to eight times annually, while the program remains vital for Japanese space projects including a 2028 Mars mission despite Epsilon series delays.