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India-US Secure Critical Minerals Pact Amid China Concerns

The pact aims to deepen cooperation on mining, processing and recycling as China controls 90% of global critical mineral processing, officials said.

  • On Tuesday, India and the United States signed a critical minerals framework at the Quad Foreign Ministers' meeting in New Delhi, addressing growing concerns over China's export controls on rare earth elements vital for global technology supply chains.
  • India's vulnerability intensified when China launched a licensing regime late last year, choking rare earth exports; India remains 100% import-dependent on cobalt, lithium, nickel and rare earth elements while China controls 90% of global processing capacity.
  • External Affairs Minister Jaishankar called the framework 'very timely and critical,' stating it aims to 'deepen our cooperation across the entire critical minerals and rare earth supply chain, including mining, processing, recycling and related investment.'
  • Secretary Rubio stated India and the US share strategic interests in reliable access to critical minerals for innovation economies, noting vibrant nations 'cannot afford to leave foundational materials vulnerable to single source monopoly.'
  • The framework extends India's February 2026 entry into the US-led Pax Silica initiative and cooperation under the India-US TRUST framework, with the Quad grouping—India, United States, Japan and Australia—increasingly coordinating on Indo-Pacific supply chain resilience.
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US, India Sign Critical Minerals And Rare Earths Mining Pact

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The Economic Times broke the news in Mumbai, India on Tuesday, May 26, 2026.
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