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US, Australia Sign $3B Critical Minerals Deal Amid China Export Controls

  • On Monday, U.S. President Donald Trump and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signed a critical-minerals agreement in the White House Cabinet Room, creating an $8.5 billion pipeline of projects.
  • China announced strict export controls earlier this month, escalating trade tensions as Beijing dominates rare earth refining and the U.S. depends on Chinese imports.
  • The framework commits $3 billion in joint investments over six months, including $1 billion immediate financing, while the Export-Import Bank plans $2.2 billion and the Pentagon backs a gallium refinery.
  • The agreement aims to secure U.S.-Australia supply-chain security and deepen ties, with Trump pledging to accelerate delivery of three Virginia-class submarines before meeting Chinese President Xi Jinping.
  • Longer-Term moves include strategic-reserve sales and market safeguards, as Australia signals willingness to sell shares in a strategic reserve of critical minerals and sets a minimum price floor, positioning itself as one of the few processors of rare earths outside China.
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Against the background of the conflict with China, the US and Australia are intensifying their cooperation on rare earths. In the future, billions of dollars will flow into Australian funding projects.

·Hamburg, Germany
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NBC Bay Area broke the news in San Francisco, United States on Monday, October 20, 2025.
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