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Evolution isn’t random. Scientists find the same genes used for 120 million years

Researchers found seven species use the same two genes and regulatory switches to produce warning colors, suggesting evolution can follow repeatable pathways.

  • Scientists have discovered that Lepidoptera relied on the same genetic "cheat sheet" for more than 120 million years, according to findings published in PLOS Biology suggesting evolution follows predictable patterns rather than random processes.
  • These distantly related species share wing patterns warning predators of toxicity. Professor Joana Meier from the Wellcome Sanger Institute explained that if birds learn a pattern means "do not eat, we are toxic," it benefits other species to display the same warning colors.
  • Instead of altering genes themselves, evolution modified regulatory elements, or "switches," that control when and where these genes are activated. Species repeatedly relied on the same two genes, ivory and optix, to produce nearly identical warning colors.
  • Professor Kanchon Dasmahapatra from the University of York's Department of Biology noted that convergent evolution is common yet rarely investigated. Investigating seven butterfly lineages and a day-flying moth revealed Lepidoptera use the same genetic tricks repeatedly since the age of dinosaurs.
  • Understanding that evolution follows established genetic routes could help scientists anticipate how species respond to environmental changes including climate shifts. Recognizing that nature tends to reuse biological solutions might make predicting future adaptations on Earth more achievable than previously believed.
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An international team of researchers led by York University and the Wellcome Sanger Institute has found evidence that evolution is not always a process of random mutations.

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ecotopical.com broke the news on Monday, May 4, 2026.
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