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Australia and Papua New Guinea Sign Historic Defense Treaty that Raised China's Concern

The Pukpuk Treaty commits Australia and Papua New Guinea to mutual defense and allows up to 10,000 Papua New Guineans to serve in the Australian Defence Force, enhancing regional security.

  • On Monday, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Papua New Guinea Prime Minister James Marape signed the Pukpuk treaty at Parliament House in Canberra, establishing a mutual defence pact.
  • After procedural delays, PNG's cabinet last week approved the treaty following a postponed signing in Port Moresby during Albanese's visit last month.
  • Up to 10,000 Papua New Guineans could join the Australian Defence Force, and Albanese said the treaty 'makes very explicit' interoperability between defence assets with Australian training support.
  • The pact elevates the relationship to alliance status, formalising Australia’s first alliance in more than 70 years and only its third alongside ANZUS; the Chinese Embassy in Papua New Guinea criticised it as exclusionary.
  • The treaty could allow troop deployments to Papua New Guinea if attacked and positions PNG as a strategic partner amid growing United States and Australian military ties in recent years while PNG balances economic ties with China.
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Australia and Papua New Guinea sign historic defense treaty that raised China's concern

Australia and Papua New Guinea have signed a major defense treaty, which Beijing claims unfairly targets China.

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NRC Handelsblad broke the news in Netherlands on Sunday, October 5, 2025.
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