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Ancient squids dominated the ocean 100 million years ago, fossil discovery technique reveals

  • A team of Japanese and German paleontologists used digital fossil-mining to uncover around 1,000 squid beaks in 100-million-year-old rocks, revealing their dominance during the Cretaceous period.
  • Facing poor preservation of soft-bodied squids, researchers developed grinding tomography to digitize rocks and expose hidden fossils from 100 million years ago.
  • Evidence shows 1,000 cephalopod beaks, 263 squid specimens, including ~40 new species, with squid fossils outnumbering ammonites and fishes.
  • Consequently, the study demands recalibration of marine paleoenvironments while Yasuhiro Iba stated, “These findings change everything we thought we knew about marine ecosystems in the past.”
  • Beyond the previous models, findings position squids as early predators shaping ancient ecosystems 100 million years ago, challenging beliefs they only flourished after the dinosaur extinction.
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Discovery changes the vision of ancient marine ecosystems and was possible thanks to a technique developed by researchers from a Japanese University called "digital fossil mining".

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Science broke the news in on Thursday, June 26, 2025.
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