For 150 years, the red flag was the iconic banner of revolution. Yet it was first raised not in Petrograd or Pyongyang — but the Welsh town of Merthyr Tydfil. In 1831, the so-called “Merthyr Rising” saw residents attack local employers and magistrates, effectively seizing control of the town for several days. Less than a decade later, in 1839, came the Newport Rising, an insurrection just 20 miles away. A seminal moment in the history of Chartism