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How the Lumbee Tribe Earned Federal Recognition After a Decadeslong Effort

The Lumbee Tribe, with over 55,000 members, secured federal recognition after more than 30 years, granting access to health care, benefits, and economic development opportunities.

  • On Dec. 18, President Donald Trump signed the National Defense Authorization Act, granting the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina full federal recognition after nearly 140 years.
  • After more than 30 congressional attempts, the state-recognized Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina pursued federal status for generations and grew into an influential bloc with 55,000 members.
  • Lowery highlighted health benefits, stating, 'I do believe that the biggest benefit we're going to receive as a tribe is Indian Health Services,' and noted that the CBO estimated nearly $250 million in federal spending over four years.
  • Tribal members celebrated in Washington, D.C. this week, shedding tears as recognition triggers planning for services and launches a nation-building project, officials say.
  • Opponents argue Congress circumvented the merit-based process, citing the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians' warnings on impacts to gaming, funding, and precedent set by the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians.
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The Fayetteville Observer broke the news in on Friday, December 19, 2025.
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