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The world's oldest cave paintings in Indonesia under threat of wildfires

Researchers say heat and smoke from Indonesia’s worst wildfires in more than a decade could speed deterioration of 67,000-year-old cave art.

  • Wildfires in Indonesia are threatening the world's oldest cave paintings in Sulawesi, with researchers warning that heat and smoke from the country's worst fires in more than a decade risk accelerating deterioration of these ancient works.
  • Severe weather conditions are driving up temperatures and reducing rainfall across Indonesia, leaving forest and peatland vulnerable to intense fires that have spread to Sulawesi, including the Maros-Pangkep region.
  • Within 800 metres of the Maros-Pangkep site, fires burned near art dated to at least 51,200 years old, while hand stencils on Muna island date back to at least 67,800 years.
  • Griffith University archaeologist Basran Burhan warned that smoke creates soot on the paintings, noting "They create soot on the paintings and cover them, so that the paintings will become blurred and difficult to identify."
  • Over 270 hectares of the national park burned between September 30 and October 18, and Firefighter Muhammad Ikfar reported crews continued working on Thursday and Friday to extinguish fires in dry conditions.
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WTVB broke the news on Friday, October 23, 2026.
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