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Blocking gender changes on IDs violates EU law, top court rules

The ECJ found that denying transgender people legal gender recognition restricts freedom of movement and requires all 27 EU states to have clear procedures, affecting countries like Bulgaria.

  • On Thursday the European Court of Justice ruled that Bulgaria’s ban on changing birth-certificate gender markers breaches EU law and returned the case to the Bulgarian court that referred it.
  • After her request was denied by Bulgarian authorities, Shipova, a Bulgarian trans woman who moved to Italy and began hormone therapy, challenged Bulgaria's 2023 Supreme Court ban on gender-marker changes.
  • In September the European Court of Justice gave a non-binding opinion recommending Bulgaria issue documents reflecting a trans person's lived experience, and Advocate General Richard de la Tour wrote that such laws restrict EU rights.
  • The ECJ found Shipova was exercising free movement rights and noted that mismatches between lived gender and identity documents hinder freedom of movement for persons whose lived gender differs from identity-data on documents.
  • The decision positions freedom of movement to protect gender identity across the EU, obliging member states to adopt clear recognition procedures, conflicting with Bulgaria's 2023 Supreme Court ruling.
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Those who change their gender in the EU also have a right to a corresponding entry in registers. This has now been decided by the European Court of Justice (ECJ). EU countries must therefore allow transpersons to adapt their identity cards. If data on gender in the identity card differs from the actually lived gender identity of a person, this could cause "significant inconvenience" in everyday life, the judges in Luxembourg reported. For exampl…

·Vienna, Austria
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The Bulgarian Cassation Tribunal had called on "the moral and religious values of society" to reject the request.

·Portugal
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nn.de broke the news in on Thursday, March 12, 2026.
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