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Supreme Court sends ‘geofence warrant’ case back to lower court
The 6-3 ruling says police need a warrant for historical cellphone location data and sends Okello Chatrie’s case back for further review.
The Supreme Court ruled Monday that law enforcement's use of "geofence" warrants constitutes a "search" under the Fourth Amendment, requiring police to demonstrate probable cause when requesting historical location data from Google.
This ruling stems from Chatrie v. United States, a 2019 bank robbery case in Midlothian, Virginia, where investigators identified Okello Chatrie through a geofence warrant after exhausting traditional investigative leads.
Writing for the majority in a 6-3 decision, Justice Elena Kagan emphasized that individuals have a "reasonable expectation of privacy" in location records, rejecting the government's "third-party doctrine" argument.
Justices remanded the case to a lower court to determine if the warrant satisfied constitutional requirements, though Chatrie's conviction remains intact due to the good-faith exception.
Justice Samuel Alito dissented, labeling the decision an "irresponsible escapade" that threatens to strip law enforcement of critical investigative tools, highlighting deep philosophical divisions over digital-age privacy rights.