From centuries of theological waiting to modern political power, the doctrine of guardianship reshapes authority in contemporary Shia Islam
NAJAF — More than 1,086 years ago, the Twelfth Imam in Twelver Shia Islam, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Askari, is believed to have entered what is known as the “Major Occultation,” a defining moment in Shia theology. Since then, generations of believers have lived in a prolonged state of انتظار—waiting for the …
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