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One in Eight Cancers Are Likely Caused by an Infection Worldwide, New Study Finds
Five infections, led by Helicobacter pylori and human papillomavirus, accounted for most cases, researchers said, underscoring gaps in vaccination, testing and treatment.
An International Agency for Research on Cancer study published Friday in The Lancet Oncology found that 2.3 million cancer cases in 2024, or 12 percent of the global total, were caused by infections.
Five pathogens—Helicobacter pylori, HPV, HBV, EBV, and HCV—caused nearly all infection-linked cancers. IARC lead author Gary Clifford told Newsweek these viruses "hijack the cellular machinery" to disable genes that repair mutations, increasing cancer risk.
Three-Quarters of infection-related cancers occurred in low- and middle-income countries, predominantly in eastern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South-East Asia. Eastern Asia alone accounted for 42 percent of the global infection-linked cancer total.
Researchers noted that while effective prevention tools like vaccines exist, interventions are often underused due to "societal, financial, and political barriers." Shan-Lu Liu of The Ohio State University called the study findings "both striking and encouraging."
Patrick Moore of the University of Pittsburgh told Newsweek the IARC estimates may be "very conservative," meaning actual infection-caused cancers are likely higher. He warned that HIV treatment cut-backs from USAID's disbanding "will lead to increased infectious cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa.
A great international analysis puts figures on a relationship that often goes unnoticed: some common infections are behind an important part of cancer cases in the world. The good news is that many can be prevented, detected or treated before they cause major problems.
Millions of new cancer cases around the world could be caused by infections that can be treated or prevented, suggesting that cancer could have been completely avoided.