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Researchers Identify New Depression Subtype Linked to the Body Clock
The subtype affects about one-quarter of participants and may not respond to standard antidepressants or cognitive behavioral therapy, researchers said.
On Wednesday, University of Sydney researchers identified a 'circadian depression' subtype in about one in four patients within a study of 11,380 Australians, published in The British Journal of Psychiatry.
Disrupted body clocks drive this subtype, with patients reporting 'night owl' habits, social jet lag, and seasonal mood changes, according to Professor Ian Hickie, co-director of the Brain and Mind Centre.
Participants with this subtype, which affected 2,604 people, developed symptoms earlier—around age 19—and face a higher genetic risk for ADHD and bipolar disorder than others in the cohort.
Lead researcher Emiliana Tonini suggested targeted treatments such as melatonin or light therapy could better assist these individuals, as common SSRIs may be less effective for this subtype.
Researchers caution that further clinical trials are needed to validate these findings across broader populations before shifting standard diagnostic practices, as circadian depression remains a proposed subtype.
According to a study with clinical and genetic data from more than 10,000 Australians, it accounts for almost a quarter of diagnoses in people with severe, recurrent or persistent depression.