NATO’s Nuclear Types: Vulnerability, Defense Investment, and Alliance Strategy Preferences

NATO’s Shadow Bank: Financing a New Era of Militarisation

As the war in Ukraine continues to reshape European security, tensions surrounding Iran and the Middle East intensify, and NATO members accelerate defence spending, the alliance is entering a more openly militarised phase. Behind the familiar language of deterrence, resilience and collective security lies a deeper question: how will this expanding confrontation be financed, and who stands to benefit from it? In this special broadcast, Kevork Alm…

NATO’s Nuclear Types: Vulnerability, Defense Investment, and Alliance Strategy Preferences

Dr. Stephen Herzog and co-authors investigate the very different strategies that NATO member countries take while under the same U.S. nuclear umbrella.