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AI Deciphers Title and Author of Ancient Herculaneum Scroll for the First Time

  • Researchers Marcel Roth and Micha Nowak identified the title and author of a sealed, charred scroll from Herculaneum, dating back to the volcanic disaster at Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.
  • The discovery resulted from the 2023 Vesuvius Challenge, which encouraged decoding fragile scrolls without unrolling them by using AI and digital imaging.
  • The team virtually unwrapped scroll PHerc. 172 with machine learning and identified it as 'On Vices,' an ethical treatise by the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus.
  • The decoding included finding Greek words like 'porphyras' meaning purple and 'disgust' appearing twice, which experts called a very exciting development for understanding Philodemus' ethics.
  • This milestone sets a precedent for reading ancient texts virtually and may provide deeper insights into classical philosophy and the full 'On Vices' series.
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Nature broke the news in United Kingdom on Tuesday, May 6, 2025.
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