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First Personalized Gene Therapy Using Base Editing Shows Promising Results in Baby with Rare Disorder

  • KJ Muldoon, a nine-and-a-half-month-old baby from Pennsylvania, received a custom gene-editing therapy to treat his rare CPS1 deficiency in 2024 at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
  • Doctors developed the therapy within seven months using CRISPR to correct KJ's mutation because his condition caused toxic ammonia buildup and no effective treatments existed.
  • After three doses, KJ's ammonia levels stabilized, he reduced nitrogen-scavenging medication, increased protein intake, gained weight, and showed no safety concerns, enabling plans for hospital discharge.
  • The initial animal tests showed a 42% liver correction rate, and the FDA approved the investigational new drug within a week, highlighting unprecedented regulatory speed for a tailored gene therapy.
  • This case demonstrates the potential of personalized gene editing to treat rare diseases, though KJ requires monitoring and may still need a liver transplant, while researchers envision broader applications ahead.
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Nature broke the news in United Kingdom on Thursday, May 15, 2025.
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