Conventional time series, machine and deep learning approaches for rainfall forecasting in a bimodal climate in Embu County, Kenya: A comparative study of SARIMA, ANN, LSTM, CNN and hybrid models

Conventional time series, machine and deep learning approaches for rainfall forecasting in a bimodal climate in Embu County, Kenya: A comparative study of SARIMA, ANN, LSTM, CNN and hybrid models

Accurate rainfall forecasting is critical for agricultural planning, water resource management, and climate risk reduction in regions characterized by strong seasonal variability and nonlinear climatic behaviour. This study evaluates the predictive performance of statistical, machine learning,...