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Researchers Use AI to Read Closed Herculaneum Scroll for First Time

The breakthrough could help decipher hundreds more manuscripts, and the Vesuvius Challenge is offering a $1 million prize for the next full reading.

  • On Thursday, researchers announced the first complete reading of a carbonized Herculaneum scroll using artificial intelligence and particle accelerator imaging, unlocking text torched nearly 2,000 years ago during the Mount Vesuvius eruption.
  • Ancient scrolls buried by the Mount Vesuvius eruption remained unreadable for centuries because they are so fragile they fall apart at the touch, forcing researchers to previously rely on destructive unwrapping methods.
  • Using high-resolution scans and computational techniques, researchers now 'virtually unwrap' charred papyrus layers to detect ink without physical contact, producing about 140 columns of new text in the last 24 hours.
  • Federica Nicolardi, lead papyrologist for the Vesuvius Challenge, presented 70 columns of 'On Vices, Book 1,' attributed to the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus, revealing classical perspectives on ethics and human behaviour.
  • With more than 600 unopened scrolls remaining, the Vesuvius Challenge has offered a $1 million prize to the first team to read another scroll in full, accelerating the decipherment of this lost classical library.
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Reuters broke the news in New York, United States on Thursday, June 25, 2026.
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