Heavy flooding across Central Luzon and Metro Manila in late August 2026 showed how monsoon variability has become more destructive. Rainfall totals exceeded 300 to 400 millimeters in just three days, a volume that historically would have been spread across a month. The Pampanga and Pasig rivers overflowed, while urban drainage systems were overwhelmed by the concentrated rainfall. The event was the result of several interacting drivers: atmosph…