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Arctic Fossils Show Ocean Life Rebounded Quickly After Mass Extinction

  • On November 13, Scandinavian paleontologists published in the journal Science findings on more than 30,000 fossil elements from a 249 million-year-old marine community on Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago.
  • The end-Permian mass extinction, the so-called 'great dying', wiped out over 90% of marine species, and paleontologists long hypothesized a long-standing gradual recovery hypothesis spanning multiple millions of years.
  • On the mountainside the Spitsbergen bonebed weathered out and accumulated over a short geological timeframe, while 1 m2 grid sampling across 36 m2 recovered over 800 kg of fossils.
  • The assemblage suggests the earliest radiation of land-living animals into oceanic ecosystems, with sea-going reptiles and amphibians originating earlier, opening niches that shaped modern marine communities.
  • Found in 2015, the fossils required nearly a decade of work involving the Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo and the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, using stratigraphic dating and advanced analytical techniques.
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sciencenorway.no broke the news in on Sunday, September 21, 2025.
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