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A variety of early hominin species shared the Afar region of Ethiopia

  • On Jan. 21, researchers reported fragments of a Paranthropus lower jaw from Mille-Logya in the Afar, dated to about 2.6 million years and found over 1,000 kilometres farther north than previous finds.
  • Previously, Paranthropus fossils were known from southern Ethiopia to southern Africa between 2.8 million and 1.4 million years ago, and the apparent absence in the Afar had puzzled paleoanthropologists.
  • A local assistant brought the fragmentary lower jaw to Alemseged, the team assembled MLP-3000 fragments on site, and CT scans confirmed Paranthropus traits with a left lower molar crown found the same day.
  • The Mille-Logya specimen adds a third genus to the Afar region assemblage between 2.8 million and 2.5 million years ago alongside Australopithecus and early Homo, while researchers say Paranthropus likely had a more flexible diet than the 'Nutcracker Man' nickname suggests.
  • Unresolved questions include species ID and whether Paranthropus could have used simple stone tools, as Alemseged said, 'Discoveries like this really trigger interesting questions in terms of reviewing, revising, and then coming up with new hypotheses.
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The discovery of a jaw in the Afar region of Ethiopia expands the geographic distribution of Paranthropus by 1000 km and reveals that this genus was more widespread and had greater adaptive capacity than expected.

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Nature broke the news in United Kingdom on Wednesday, January 21, 2026.
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