Rana Azam Marks 50 Years with Powerful Marxist Manifesto

Rana Azam marks 50 years with powerful Marxist manifesto

The year 2023 marked the 50th year of Rana Azam’s association with leftist political movements in Pakistan—a journey filled with many ups and downs. Throughout the decades, he remained committed to Marxist ideology, which deeply influenced him in his formative years. Born into a farming family in Toba Tek Singh, Rana Azam pursued a career in law while simultaneously joining the leftist movement. His hometown has long been a stronghold of left-wi…

A Marxist and an Ayatollah Shaped Iran’s Islamic Republic

Kaveh Kazemi / Contributor / Getty (This is part four of a four-part series on Shiite Islam and the Iranian regime. Please click here to read parts one, two, and three.) While the first three parts of the series explored the history of Shiite Islam and how the lack of an earthly imam formed Shiite political culture, today we look at modern Iran and the rise of the Islamic republic. Although other Shiite sects exist, Iran adopted the Twelver fait…