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Today’s Mediterranean diet leans on olive oil, vegies and fish. But the ancients mainly ate bread

Ancient evidence shows cereals supplied most calories, while pulses, produce and fish varied by region, season and wealth.

Summary by The Conversation
Andrey Zhuravlev/GettyThe Roman emperor Julian (332–363 CE) called bread the food that “among us is thought to be the most nourishing”. Bread and other cereal-based foods were indeed central to ancient Mediterranean diets. This was supplemented by pulses, oil, wine and whatever seasonal produce people could obtain. This is not quite the “Mediterranean diet” we think of today, with its vegetables, olive oil and grilled fish. Although bread was fu…

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The Conversation broke the news in Boston, United States on Tuesday, August 11, 2026.
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